The three-factor model of illness self-management and recovery was represented by dimensions of recovery, management, and substance use. These reliable psychometric properties support the use of both the original one-factor and revised three-factor models to assess illness self-management and recovery among a broad spectrum of clients with mental illness. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Viruses are thought to spread across susceptible cells through an iterative process of infection,

replication, and release, so that the rate of spread is limited by replication kinetics. Here, we show that vaccinia virus spreads across one cell every 75 minutes, fourfold faster than its replication cycle would permit. To explain this phenomenon, we found that newly infected cells express two surface proteins that mark cells as infected and, via exploitation of cellular

machinery, induce the repulsion Pexidartinib concentration of superinfecting virions away toward uninfected cells. Mechanistically, early expression of proteins A33 and A36 was critical for virion repulsion and rapid spread, and cells expressing these proteins repelled exogenous virions rapidly. Additional spreading mechanisms may exist for other viruses that also spread faster than predicted by replication kinetics.”
“Pregnant women with a mechanical heart prosthesis are at a higher risk of thromboembolic Rocilinostat complications. The optimal anticoagulation BMN 673 strategy in this setting remains unclear. When prosthesis thrombosis happens and cardiac surgery must be performed, the risk of fetal mortality is high. Special attention must be paid to improve the placental perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in order to improve fetal outcomes. A 31-year-old woman, nine weeks pregnant, was admitted to our institution due to a mitral mechanical

prosthesis thrombosis. She had been receiving low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) since pregnancy was detected. She underwent a mitral valve replacement with CPB at 34 degrees C and a short cardiac arrest time. Both mother and fetus survived. We briefly review the different anticoagulation options during pregnancy and perfusion strategies on CPB to improve fetal outcomes. (c) 2010 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose. To assess patient expectation, visual improvement, and patient satisfaction after macular hole surgery.\n\nMethods. Fifty-three consecutive patients completed a self-administered questionnaire after macular hole surgery. Responses for expectation of visual improvement before surgery and subjective visual assessment after surgery were scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no improvement in vision, 10 = full improvement). Visual acuity was measured using Snellen charts and converted to logMAR equivalent for statistical analysis. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed using the Minitab statistical software program; p < 0.

Clinical plasma samples were processed and analyzed using validated HPLC bioassays that indirectly estimate GAG levels based on the simultaneous detection of the chondroitin disaccharide derivatives. The concomitant administration of odiparcil with or without ASA resulted in a significant elevation in GAG levels over baseline for both treatment groups. In the other clinical study, the concomitant administration of odiparcil with or without enoxaparin displayed significant increases in plasma Delta Di-OS, Delta Di-4S, and total disaccharide selleck chemicals llc levels versus control group. Neither

plasma GAG levels nor odiparcil plasma levels were correlated with a rise in hepatic transaminases, an adverse drug event Vorinostat nmr observed in several subjects; and plasma odiparcil levels were indirectly correlated with plasma GAG levels. These clinical studies were proof of concept

of preclinical rat studies indicating that chronic odiparcil treatment elevates endogenous GAG levels in human subjects.”
“Centrin is a member of the EF-hand superfamily that plays critical role in the centrosome duplication and separation. In the present paper, we characterized properties of metal ions binding to Euplotes octocarinatus centrin (EoCen) by fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Changes of fluorescence spectra and of-helix contents of EoCen proved that Tb3+ and Ca2+ induced great conformational changes of EoCen resulting in exposing hydrophobic surfaces. At pH 7.4, Ca2+ (and Tb3+) bond with EoCen at CX-6258 molecular weight the ratio of 4:1. Equilibrium experiment indicated that Ca2+ and Tb3+ exhibited different binding capabilities for C- and N-terminal domains of protein. C-terminai domain bond with Ca2+ or Tb3+ similar to 100-fold more strongly than N-terminal. Aromatic residue-sensitized

Tb3+ energy transfer suggested that site IV bond to Tb3+ or Ca2+ more strongly than site III. Based on fluorescence titration curves, we reckoned the conditional binding constants of EoCen site IV quantitatively to be K-IV =(1.23 +/- 0.51) x 10(8) M-1 and K-IV = (6.82 +/- 0.33) x 10(5) M-1 with Tb3+ and Ca2+, respectively. Metal ions bond to EoCen in the order of IV > III > II, I. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The Arabidopsis accelerated cell death 6-1 (acd6-1) mutant shows constitutive defense, cell death, and extreme dwarf phenotypes. In a screen for acd6-1 suppressors, we identified a mutant that was disrupted by a T-DNA in the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 4;1 (PHT4;1) gene. The suppressor mutant pht4;1-1 is dominant, expresses truncated PHT4;1 transcripts, and is more susceptible to virulent Pseudomonas syringae strains but not to several avirulent strains. Treatment with a salicylic acid (SA) agonist induced a similar level of resistance in Col-0 and pht4;1-1, suggesting that PHT4;1 acts upstream of the SA pathway.

Mean follow- up time was 2.8 +/- 2.2 years, and follow- up was 99% complete.\n\nResults. Early postoperative echocardiography showed a significantly larger mitral orifice area (3.3 +/- 0.3 cm(2) versus 3.0 +/- 0.8 cm(2), p < 0.001) and lower mean pressure gradient (2.7 +/- 1.7 mm Hg versus 3.1 +/- 1.7 mm Hg, p = 0.03) after implantation of loops. Other perioperative outcomes were similar for the two groups of patients. Freedom from reoperation at 5 years was significantly higher after the loop technique (98.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 96.7% CCI-779 purchase to 99.5%) when compared with leaflet resection (93.9%,

95% CI: 90.7% to 96.1%, log-rank p = 0.005). Cox regression analysis revealed that implantation of a flexible, incomplete band was an independent predictor of reoperation ( hazard ratio 6.2, 95% CI: 1.3 to 110.7), whereas use of leaflet resection

had a nonsignificant trend toward an increased reoperation rate (hazard ratio 2.6, 95% CI: 0.9 to 9.1). Reoperation for excessive systolic anterior motion did not occur in any loop patient.\n\nConclusions. Both the loop technique and conventional leaflet resection yield excellent results for repair of P505-15 cost isolated PML prolapse. The technical ease of performing the loop technique through a minimally invasive approach, however, makes this method a particularly valuable alternative for MV repair surgery. (Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87: 1715-20) (C) 2009 by The Society of Thoracic

Surgeons”
“Accurate imaging of ischemic penumbra is crucial for improving the management of acute stroke patients. T-2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with a T-2*oxygen challenge (T-2*OC) is being developed to detect penumbra selleck screening library based on changes in blood deoxyhemoglobin. Using 100% O-2, T-2*OC-defined penumbra exhibits ongoing glucose metabolism and tissue recovery on reperfusion. However, potential limitations in translating this technique include a sinus artefact in human scans with delivery of 100% OC and relatively small signal changes. Here we investigate whether an oxygen-carrying perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion can enhance the sensitivity of the technique, enabling penumbra detection with lower levels of inspired oxygen. Stroke was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 17) with ischemic injury and perfusion deficit determined by diffusion and perfusion MRI, respectively. T-2* signal change was measured in regions of interest (ROIs) located within ischemic core, T-2*OC-defined penumbra and equivalent contralateral areas during 40% O-2 +/- prior PFC injection. Region of interest analyses between groups showed that PFC significantly enhanced the T-2* response to 40% O-2 in T-2*-defined penumbra (mean increase of 10.6 +/- 2.3% compared to 5.6 +/- 1.5% with 40% O-2, P<0.001). This enhancement was specific to the penumbra ROI.

We computed the proportion of missing data, measured internal consistency reliability, and tested for convergent and discriminant validity, concurrent validity,

known-groups validity, and the factor structure of this instrument. Results: For the Japanese version of the WLQ, the percentages of missing values for each scale ranged from 3.6% to 7.8%. Internal consistency reliability was high, and Cronbach’s a was bigger than = 0.7 for all subscales. Subjects with headache and orthopedic ALK signaling pathway pain had significantly higher WLQ subscale scores than subjects without. Higher WLQ subscale scores were associated with depressive symptoms as measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p smaller than 0.001). Conclusions: The Japanese WLQ provides reliable and valid information on at-work disability for group-level comparisons and tracking therapeutic outcomes.”
“Background: Schmid type metaphyseal Apoptosis inhibitor chondrodysplasia (MCDS) is a kind of autosomal inherited epiphyseal dysplasia caused

by a mutation of the COL10A1 gene. Clinical expression of this mutation includes a waddling gait, coxa vara, genu yarns or genu valgus and shortened lower limbs among others. To date, over 40 kinds of heterozygous mutations have been identified in the collagen domain of COL10A1 but data on family pedigrees for these is lacking. Methods: Nineteen people without a history of interbreeding were selected for the three generations pedigree of MCDS. The proband is a 13 year-old boy with short limbs, hip yarns, and tibial yarns. In this group, seven people had MCDS (two men, five women). Blood samples for DNA extraction and mutational analysis selleck were collected to sequence the CLO10A1 gene. Results: Chromas atlas

analysis and monoclonal sequencing revealed that 7 of the patients in the family are missing a C nucleotide in the third exon of the COL10A1 gene (c.2005delC). Conclusions: The COL10A1 gene mutation results in a frameshift mutation from codon 669, the substitution of 7 amino acids, and premature termination of expression (p.his669thrfsX8). In contrast to the other mutations identified, c.2005delC is close to the C-terminus of the protein sequence and may result in genetic heterogeneity of the Chinese population.”
“Current evidence suggests a role for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the development of cardiovascular disorders. However, obesity is an active confounder in this relationship. OSA and obesity share similar pathophysiologic mechanisms potentially leading to cardiovascular disorders. Presence of OSA in obese patients may further contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes when compared with each condition in isolation. In this review the authors explore the complex relationship between OSA and obesity (and nonobese subjects) in the development of cardiovascular disorders.

4%.”
“Gastrin, cholecystokinin2 receptor (CCK2R), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) have been implicated in the carcinogenesis and progression see more of gastric cancer. Our study demonstrated that antagonist or siRNA against CCK2R blocked amidated gastrin (G17)-induced activation of STAT3 and Akt in gastric

cancer cell lines. G17-increased COX-2 expression and cell proliferation were effectively blocked by CCK2R antagonist and inhibitors of JAK2 and PI3K. In addition, knockdown of STAT3 expression significantly attenuated G17-induced PI3K/Akt activation, COX-2 expression, and cell proliferation. These results suggest that CCK2R-mediated COX-2 up-regulation via JAK2/STAT3/PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in the proliferative effect of G17 on human gastric cancer cells. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Developing materials that are effective against sexually transmitted pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and HIV-1 is challenging both in terms of material selection and improving bio-membrane and cellular permeability at desired mucosa! Selleckchem HSP990 sites. Here, we engineered the prokaryotic bacterial virus (M13 phage) carrying two functional peptides, integrin binding peptide (RGD) and a segment of the polymorphic membrane protein D (PmpD) from Ct, as a phage-based material that

can ameliorate Ct infection. Ct is a globally prevalent human pathogen for which there are no effective vaccines or microbicides. We show that engineered phage stably express both RGD motifs and Ct peptides and traffic intracellularly and into the lumen of the inclusion in which the organism resides within the host cell. Engineered phage were able to significantly reduce Ct infection in both HeLa and primary endocervical cells compared with Ct infection alone. AZ 628 Polyclonal antibodies raised against PmpD and co-incubated with constructs

prior to infection did not alter the course of infection, indicating that PmpD is responsible for the observed decrease in Ct infection. Our results suggest that phage-based design approaches to vector delivery that overcome mucosal cellular barriers may be effective in preventing Ct and other sexually transmitted pathogens. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Two modified beta-cyclodextrins, H-2 and H-3, having a flexible appended moiety were studied for the chiral discrimination of the enantiomers of various amino acids by means of fluorescence as signaling option. These hosts quenched the fluorescence intensities of amino acids upon binding. The D-enantiomers were better recognized by these hosts. The association constants (K-s) and enantioselectivity factors (a) of the host guest complexes were calculated.”
“Background: Enhanced attraction of selective vascular reparative cells is of great importance in order to increase vascular patency after endovascular treatments.

We investigated the potential therapeutic effect of denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, on tumour-cell survival and growth in patients with GCT.\n\nMethods In this open-label, single-group study, 37 patients with recurrent or unresectable GCT were enrolled and received subcutaneous denosumab 120 mg monthly (every 28 days),

with loading doses on days 8 and 15 of month 1. The primary endpoint was tumour response, defined as elimination of at least 90% of giant cells or no radiological progression of the target lesion up to week 25. Study recruitment is closed; patient treatment and follow-up are ongoing. The study is registered with Clinical Trials.gov, NCT00396279.\n\nFindings Two patients had insufficient

histology or radiology data for efficacy assessment. 30 of 35 this website (86%; 95% Cl 70-95) of evaluable patients had a tumour response: 20 of 20 assessed by histology Kinase Inhibitor Library cell line and 10 of 15 assessed by radiology. Adverse events were reported in 33 of 37 patients; the most common being pain in an extremity (n=7), back pain (n=4), and headache (n=4). Five patients had grade 3-5 adverse events, only one of which (grade 3 increase in human chorionic gonadotropin concentration not related to pregnancy) was deemed to be possibly treatment related. Five serious adverse events were reported although none were deemed treatment related.\n\nInterpretation Further investigation of denosumab as a therapy for GCT is warranted.”
“With the help of the nonequilibrium Green’s function method, we have investigated the Josephson current properties of a triple quantum dot molecule. It is found that the sign of the Josephson current can be changed from positive to negative with increasing the spin-flip scattering, which leads

to the pi-junction transition. By tuning the system parameters, such as the gate voltage, the interdot coupling, and spin-flip strength, it is manifested that the pi-junction not only can be controlled, but also the oscillation of the Josephson current versus magnetic flux can be changed. The pi-junction is explained in terms of the picture of the current carrying density of states. These results provide the ways of manipulating the MAPK inhibitor Josephson current. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3525996]“
“Objectives: To describe trends in admissions to English hospitals and 30-day in-hospital mortality associated with a primary diagnosis of burns.\n\nDesign: Descriptive population-based study.\n\nSetting: England.\n\nParticipants: Patients admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of burns between 1991 and 2010.\n\nMain outcome measures: Age-specific and age-standardised admission rates, and 30-day in-hospital mortality percentages.\n\nResults: During 1991-2010, there were 188,597 admissions to hospitals in England with a primary diagnosis of burns.

Quadriceps CAR was assessed at 70 degrees of knee flexion at four instants (baseline, 20, 30, and 45min). There was a significant treatment x time interaction (F3,30=5.9, P=0.003) and post hoc analyses revealed that CAR was higher in the focal knee joint cooling session than the control session at 20min (0.79 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.12;

t10=3.9, P=0.003) and 45min (0.77 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.69 +/- 0.12; t10=3.1, P=0.01). The CAR tended to be higher during the experimental session than the control Copanlisib order session at 30min (0.79 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.11; t10=2.1, P=0.07).Volitional activation increased following focal knee joint cooling in healthy volunteers.”
“Introduction: Heart failure (HF) represents a significant healthcare issue because of its ever-increasing prevalence, poor prognosis and complex pathophysiology. Currently, blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is the cornerstone of treatment; however, the combination of RAAS blockade

with inhibition of neprilysin (NEP), an enzyme that degrades natriuretic peptides, has recently emerged as a potentially superior treatment strategy. Areas covered: Following the results of the recent Phase III Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure clinical trial in patients with chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), this review focuses on LCZ696, a first-in-class angiotensin receptor NEP inhibitor. This drug consists of a supramolecular complex containing the angiotensin receptor inhibitor valsartan in combination with the NEP inhibitor prodrug, Selleck PARP inhibitor AHU377. Following oral administration, the LCZ696 complex dissociates and the NEP inhibitor component is metabolized to the active form (LBQ657). Aspects of the trial that might be relevant to clinical practice are also discussed. Expert opinion: Speculation that LCZ696 will pass the scrutiny of regulatory agencies for HF-REF appears to be justified, and it is likely to become a core therapeutic component in the near future. Replication

of the eligibility criteria and titration protocol used in the PARADIGM-HF LY2835219 molecular weight trial would be valuable in clinical practice and may minimize the risk of adverse events. Although long-term data remain to be generated, the promising results regarding hypertension are likely to expedite acceptance of the drug for HF-REF.”
“For use in chronic oral chemotherapeutic regimens, the potent anticancer drug docetaxel needs a solid oral dosage form. Because docetaxel has a very low permeability and a very low aqueous solubility (biopharmaceutical classification system class IV), a pharmacokinetic booster was combined with a newly developed solid dispersion formulation to improve the oral bioavailability of docetaxel.\n\nThe best performing solid dispersion was a 1/9/1 w/w/w ternary mixture of docetaxel, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-K30 and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS).

No statistically significant differences were found for the other outcomes, including the neonatal outcomes of respiratory distress and neonatal survival. The decision model demonstrated that prostaglandin inhibitors provided the best combination of tolerance and delayed delivery. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nu7441.html in a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 women receiving prostaglandin inhibitors, only 80

would deliver within 48 hours, compared with 182 for the next-best treatment.\n\nCONCLUSION: Although all current tocolytic agents were superior to no treatment at delaying delivery for both 48 hours and 7 days, prostaglandin inhibitors were superior to the other agents and may be considered the optimal first-line agent before 32 weeks of gestation to delay delivery.”
“In many environments recruitment of dispersive propagules (e.g. seeds, spores and larvae) can vary from situations when particular taxa recruit in relative isolation to times when they recruit simultaneously with other, functionally quite different taxa. Differences in the identity and density of recruiting taxa can have important consequences on community structure, but it is still not clear how the

effects of individual taxa on communities are modified when they recruit together with other species. Using an experimental approach we compared early development of a temperate marine sessile community after GDC-0941 supplier the recruitment of mixtures of botryllid ascidians and barnacles to that when barnacles or botryllid ascidians recruited alone. Communities exposed to recruitment of botryllid ascidians in isolation differed from those that received barnacles, a mixture of botryllids and barnacles or no recruitment in 2-week-old communities. These early differences were driven by higher GSK2879552 manufacturer abundances of

the species that were present as initial recruits in experimental treatments. After 2 months communities also differed between barnacle and mixed recruitment treatments but not mixed and botryllid or botryllid and barnacle treatments. These differences were not directly due to differences in the abundances of our manipulated taxa but occurred because of two abundant arborescent bryozoans, Bugula dentata, which occupied more space in communities that initially received mixed recruitment than in those that received barnacle or no recruitment, and Zoobotryon verticillatum, which occupied more space in communities that initially received only barnacle recruitment than those that initially received botryllid or mixed recruitment. These effects did not persist, and communities did not differ after 6 months. These results suggest that, more generally, species may influence community dynamics differently when they recruit alongside other species than when they recruit in relative isolation.

These LRPs can be organized into mutually exclusive signaling clusters suggesting different mechanisms apply to different patients. We conclude that a mix of autocrine and endocrine LRPs influence prognosis in ovarian cancer, there exists a heterogenous mix of signaling themes across patients, and we point to a number of novel applications of existing targeted therapies which may benefit ovarian cancer.”
“The AZD1208 mouse rice paddy snake (also known

as Boie’s mud snake) Enhydris plumbea is a viviparous colubrid snake. This is a widely distributed species found from the Andaman Islands (India) and Myanmar eastwards across the Southeast Asian Peninsula and southern China southwards into Indonesia; and it is present on most of the Indonesian islands and eastwards to Sulawesi and the Moluccas. The snake has been overexploited by local people for traditional medicine to treat skin diseases, and is listed on the “Lists of terrestrial wildlife under state protection, which are beneficial or of important economic or scientific value” promulgated by China’s State Forestry Administration in 2000. Knowledge of population structure and genetic diversity is crucial for effective wildlife preservation. Specific molecular markers such as mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites are useful tools for achieving this goal. Here, eight

polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library of E. plumbea. One hundred PF-02341066 in vitro and twenty individuals were collected from Wenzhou population in Zhejiang, China. GW786034 These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (4-8 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (H (O) ranged from 0.148 to 0.789, and H (E) ranged from 0.347 to 0.766). No locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. These loci will be useful for future study of population structure, genetic diversity

and conservation strategy design of E. plumbea.”
“Pathological conditions are bound to affect the molecules on erythrocytes, and accordingly affect their functions. Chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate (CS/DS), one of the classes of molecules found to be expressed in erythrocytes was previously observed by us to be either overexpressed in diabetic condition or undergo structural changes in hypercholesterolemic condition. Both of them had implications on their binding to extracellular matrix components (ECM). In the present work, we have explored the quantitative changes in erythrocyte glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their role in erythrocyte binding towards ECM components in the combined milieu of both diabetes and hypercholesterolemia (SFHD). Membrane cholesterol was significantly higher in SFHD group compared to control (SFC) and diabetic groups (SFD).

Vaginal delivery would probably include those fetuses that are of marginal viability, and that additional protection from abdominal delivery was unlikely to be beneficial to neonatal outcome.”
“Behavior of the laboratory gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica), Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek rats (WWCPS) and laboratory rats (Wistar) has been registered in the period of familiarization with a new environment and BIBF 1120 clinical trial consecutive confrontation with a novel, innocuous object placed in that familiarized environment. In the new environment the sequence of anxiety, investigation, and habituation was shortest in the opossum,

longer in the laboratory rat and longest in the WWCPS rat. When placed in it, gray short-tailed opossums investigated the new environment with the shortest delay and most intensity. In reaction to novel objects, opossums and laboratory rats prolonged the time spent in the proximity of the new object, while the WWCPS rat did not show that reaction. Both opossums and laboratory rats increased the number of contacts with the new object, whereas MI-503 WWCPS rats reduced those contacts. Behavior of all three species and lines grouped in different clusters. Some other quantitative and qualitative differences

in behavior of the investigated animals are also described, showing a higher level of anxiety in both lines of rats than in the opossum. Behavioral differences between species and lines of animals used in this study may be attributed to different ecological adaptations of rats and opossums

and to the effect of domestication in the laboratory rats. These behavioral VX-770 in vitro differences make comparisons of opossums vs rat, and wild rat vs laboratory rat interesting models for studying the brain mechanisms of anxiety and neotic motivations. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“More than 70 different mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangements involving 11q23 have been molecularly characterized in acute leukemia. Among these, the MLLT11 gene is highly unique as MLL fusion partner because the entire open reading frame is usually fused in-frame to the N-terminal portion of the MLL gene. By using molecular genetic methods, we identified the chromosomal fusion site within MLL exon 10 sequences which were fused to the MLLT11 intron 1 sequences. This unusual break site results in the creation of two in-frame MLL-MLLT11 fusion transcripts in this acute myeloid leukemia patient with t(1;11)(q21;q23). One fusion transcript represents a normal splice product, while the other contains intronic sequences and a cryptic splice event in order to generate an intact fusion transcript. We also reviewed all published articles which have reported t(1;11)(q21;q23) in myeloid or lymphoid neoplasm and attempted to summarize these published data.