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“Objectives. Previous studies have suggested that gastrointestinal integrity is compromised after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We compared Selleckchem HM781-36B the effects of prolonged minimized (MCPB) and conventional CPB (CCPB) on intestinal mucosal integrity by determining mucosal damage, epithelial cell proliferation rate and distribution of tight junction proteins in a porcine model. Design. Fourteen animals were randomly assigned to undergo 240 minutes of mild hypothermic MCPB or CCPB. Ileal and colonic biopsies were obtained prior and at the end of CPB. Mucosal damage was determined under light microscopic evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate

epithelial expression of Ki-67 as a measure of cell proliferation rate and claudin-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 as elements of tight junctions. Results. In colonic biopsies, independent of the circuit type used, moderate mucosal damage was observed as indicated by focal epithelial damage, increased epithelial cell proliferation and decreased expression of tight junction protein claudin-4. Conclusions. Selonsertib Colonic mucosal damage was observed similarly in MCPB and CCPB. Based on these results, the effects of MCPB on intestinal mucosal stability are similar to those of CCPB.”
“HYPERGLYCEMIA, MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY

IN CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN – CRITICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OBJECTIVE. This article focused on verifying if hyperglycemia in critically ill pediatric patients is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality and carried out a critical analysis of the articles in pediatrics and neonatology.\n\nMETHODS.

A systematic review of literature was performed using Medline, Cochrane, Lilacs and Embase databases and references this website of articles. Articles written in Portuguese, English and Spanish were selected and the terms used in the search were hyperglycemia, intensive care units (pediatrics), hospitals, pediatrics and pediatric intensive care. Cohort studies, retrospective and prospective, were selected for analysis. The outcomes evaluated were mortality during pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay, mortality during hospital stay, length-of-stay in the PICU, mortality due to specific diseases, and risk of infection and time of mechanical ventilation.\n\nRESULTS. During the study period 79 articles related to hyperglycemia in critically ill pediatric patients were selected; 15 (19%) were cohort studies (2 prospective and 13 retrospective) that were analyzed separately.\n\nCONCLUSION. Analysis of these cohort studies supported the conclusion that hyperglycemia, isolated or persistent during stay in PICU, increases morbidity, mortality and length-of-stay in PICU of critically ill children.