Soil- and wood-dwelling Chloridium, a little-studied group of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, exhibit a rare mode of phialidic conidiogenesis on multiple locations. The genus was traditionally divided into three sections, each defined by its morphology. In the realm of microbiology, the significance of Chloridium, Gongromeriza, and Psilobotrys. The sexual forms, which are categorized within the widely accepted genus Chaetosphaeria, display significantly less morphological variation than their asexual counterparts. Expansions to the generic classification, as determined by recent molecular examinations, now incorporate species identifiable via a newly ascertained set of morphological features, including collar-like hyphae, setae, distinctly separated phialides, and conidiophores exhibiting penicillate branching patterns. This study leverages the consilience of molecular species delimitation methods, phylogenetic analyses, ancestral state reconstruction, morphological hypotheses, and global biogeographic analyses. Comparative study of multiple loci revealed that the traditional Chloridium classification is not monophyletic and the original sections do not comprise the same genus. Therefore, the existing taxonomy is deemed obsolete, and we propose the restoration of the generic status for the organisms Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys. We introduce a novel general concept, classifying Chloridium as a monophyletic, polythetic genus encompassing 37 species, organized into eight sections. Concurrently, of the taxa that were formerly listed under Gongromeriza, two have been reorganized into the new genus Gongromerizella. The metabarcoding analysis of published data from environmental samples, deposited in the GlobalFungi database, showed Chloridium to be a prevalent soil fungus, accounting for a considerable (0.3%) proportion of sequence reads. Forest environments are often home to these species, and their prevalence across various regions is clearly impacted by climate, as our data confirms their capability to flourish in different temperature conditions. We found that each Chloridium species exhibits a distinct distribution range, a pattern uncommon in microscopic soil fungi. Our analysis suggests that the GlobalFungi database is suitable for investigation into the biogeographic and ecological aspects of fungi. Reblova, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolarik, and F. Sklenar present novel taxonomic designations, including the new genus Gongromerizella and newly defined sections Cryptogonytrichum, Gonytrichopsis, Metachloridium, and Volubilia within Chloridium, along with new species: Chloridium bellum, Chloridium biforme, Chloridium detriticola, Chloridium gamsii, Chloridium guttiferum, Chloridium moratum, Chloridium peruense, Chloridium novae-zelandiae, Chloridium elongatum, and Chloridium volubile. A new classification of Chloridium bellum, showcasing diverse types. Reblova & Hern.-Restr.'s luteum, and the differentiated Chloridium detriticola variety, are noteworthy in the realm of biology. Reblova & Hern.-Restr. noted the variety effusum within the Chloridium chloridioides species. Convolutum Reblova & Hern.-Restr. is a designated taxonomic grouping. New combinations for Chloridium section Gonytrichum (Nees & T. Nees) Reblova, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolarik & F. Sklenar and Chloridium section Mesobotrys (Sacc.) are being proposed. The work of Reblova, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolarik, and F. Sklenar on the Chloridium genus incorporated the previous study of M.S. Calabon et al. on the Pseudophialocephala section, and included a review of Chloridium simile, previously studied by W. Gams and Hol.-Jech. find more Chloridium chloridioides (W.,) of Reblova and Hern.-Restr. Gams & Hol.-Jech. are mentioned in the text. plant biotechnology Concerning the taxonomy of Chloridium subglobosum (W.), Reblova & Hern.-Restr. provided a description. Gams & Hol.-Jech. are acknowledged as significant in this context. Reblova and Hern.-Restr. confirmed the classification of Chloridium fuscum, formerly known as Corda's Chloridium fuscum. Reblova & Hern.-Restr.'s study of Chloridium costaricense contributes to our understanding of the organism. Weber et al., in their work (Reblova & Hern.-Restr.), report on Chloridium cuneatum (N.G.). Reblova and Hern.-Restr.'s analysis focused on Fusichloridium cylindrosporum (W. Liu et al.). The works by Gams and Hol.-Jech. Gongromeriza myriocarpa (Fr.), commonly referred to as Reblova, is a botanical wonder. Pygmaea (P.) Gongromeriza, according to Reblova, merits in-depth examination for its unique characteristics. The formation of Karst landscapes is a remarkable process. Gongromerizella lignicola (F., known as Reblova, an important biological entity. Gongromerizella pachytrachela (W.), a species belonging to the Mangenot Reblova group, merits attention. plant pathology Reblova's taxonomic reclassification includes Gams & Hol.-Jech's G. pini, which is now known as Crous & Akulov's G. pini. Reblova also introduced a new name, Chloridium pellucidum, replacing the previous designation. Furthermore, Epitypifications of basionyms are detailed, citing Chaetopsis fusca Corda and Gonytrichum caesium var. W. Gams & Hol.-Jech. included the category 'subglobosum' in their classification. The basionym, Gonytrichum caesium by Nees and T. Nees, is subject to lectotypification procedures. A 2022 study was authored by Reblova M, Hernandez-Restrepo M, Sklenar F, Nekvindova J, Reblova K, and Kolarik M. Re-evaluating the Chloridium classification, the eight sections now house 37 species, and the genera Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys are re-instated. Mycology Studies 103 delves into the subjects detailed in sections 87 through 212. A significant contribution, identified by doi 103114/sim.2022103.04, is detailed within this article.

Despite their remarkable diversity, fungi in the subalpine and alpine zones remain largely unexplored. Cultivable soil fungal families, including Mortierellaceae, demonstrate a striking abundance, species richness, and broad distribution, encompassing terrestrial habitats such as the subalpine and alpine zones. The recent resolution of Mortierellaceae phylogeny, employing state-of-the-art molecular techniques, resulted in the division of the paraphyletic genus Mortierella sensu lato (s.l.) into 13 monophyletic genera. The sampling campaigns undertaken within the Austrian Alps generated 139 pure Mortierellaceae culture isolates, including 13 species that are new to science. For the classification of taxa, we employed both classic morphological features and advanced DNA-based methods. Phylogenetic connections were determined by analyzing the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS), the large subunit (LSU), and the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest subunit 1 (RPB1) genetic information. This research has uncovered a novel genus and detailed 13 newly discovered species within the genera Entomortierella, Linnemannia, Mortierella, and Podila. Our proposals included eight novel combinations, a reclassification of E. jenkinii as a species, the establishment of a neotype for M. alpina, and the definition of lectotypes and epitypes for M. fatshederae, M. jenkinii, and M. longigemmata. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA is commonly utilized as a standard gene for fungal identification. The phylogenetic resolution obtained is often too low to allow for the precise identification of closely related Mortierellaceae species, particularly with restricted sampling sizes. Morphological traits of isolated pure cultures allow for definitive identification in such circumstances. In addition, we offer dichotomous keys for the determination of species' identities within phylogenetic groups. A new genus, Tyroliella Telagathoti, and new species Entomortierella galaxiae, Linnemannia bainierella, Linnemannia stellaris, Linnemannia nimbosa, Linnemannia mannui, Linnemannia friederikiana, Linnemannia scordiella, Linnemannia solitaria, Mortierella triangularis, Mortierella lapis, Podila himami, Podila occulta, and Tyroliella animus-liberi, all by Telagathoti, Probst & Peintner, are described. Gams, in conjunction with Grinb. Entomortierella jenkinii (A.L.), Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner. According to Sm. Telagathoti, M. Probst, and Peintner, Entomortierella sugadairana is (Y). Regarding Takash. Researchers Telagathoti, M. Probst, and Peintner, et al., studied Linnemannia zonata (Linnem.). The taxonomic work of W. Gams details Linnemannia fluviae, classified by Hyang B. Lee et al., and Linnemannia biramosa, categorized by Tiegh., both within the scheme of Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner. In their work, Telagathoti, M. Probst, and Peintner highlight Linnemannia cogitans (Degawa). A meticulous analysis of epitypifications (basionyms) for Mortierella bainieri var. by Gams & Carreiro is presented in the Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner publication. Linnem.'s Mortierella fatshederae and Mortierella longigemmata, alongside A.L. Sm.'s jenkinii, constitute a diverse group of organisms. Neotypification, the taxonomic designation, is based on Mortierella alpina Peyronel. A notable 2022 publication by Telagathoti A, Probst M, Mandolini E, and Peintner U is worthy of citation. The Mortierellaceae family reveals new species of Entomortierella, Linnemannia, Mortierella, Podila, and a novel genus, Tyroliella, from subalpine and alpine environments. A list of sentences is returned by this JSON schema. Mycology Studies 103, covering pages 25 through 58, provides an in-depth study of mycological topics. The scholarly article, identified by the doi 103114/sim.2022103.02, offers a detailed exploration of its subject matter.

The recently published classification of Leotiomycetes established the new family Hyphodiscaceae; unfortunately, the study was flawed in its phylogenetic interpretations and lacked a proper understanding of these fungi. It was expressed through an undiagnosable familial narrative, an incorrect familial demarcation, and the reclassification of the type species of an encompassed genus as a novel species in a separate genus. This work ameliorates these errors by incorporating fresh molecular data from this taxonomic group into phylogenetic analyses and by examining the morphological characteristics of the included species.